Strands

1. Teaching and Learning Science in Schools
   Curriculum development, facilities for supporting curriculum and teaching, instructional strategies, learning psychology, learning approaches, learning effectiveness, learning needs for special students, and approaches for facilitating learning, etc
2. Teaching and Learning Science in Informal Setting
   Developing and evaluating the impact of programs and experiences outside the classroom by institutions and organizations other than schools (i.e. museums, science and technology centers, zoos and botanical gardens, scientific research laboratories, and outreach centers) and learning experiences through mass media, etc.
3. ICT and Science Education
   New technologies, technology usage, media, computer-aided learning etc.
4. Teaching Scientific Creativity
   The meaning of scientific creativity, curriculum development for scientific creativity, facilities for supporting scientific creativity, instructional strategies for scientific creativity, etc.
5. Professional Development of Science Teachers
   Professional standards, teacher qualification (certifying), pre-service teacher education, in-service teacher education, teachers’ competencies, teachers’ conceptions and beliefs, teachers’ societal status, etc.
6. History and Philosophy for Science Education
   Historical, philosophical and social issues of science, nature of science, and epistemology of science as they are related to science education, etc.
7. Assessment and Evaluation in Science Education
   Large-scale evaluation, assessment instrument development (concept, process skill, attitude, higher-order thinking, etc), alternative assessments (authentic, portfolio, etc. ), practices of using the assessment results, and etc.
8. Teaching Science at College level
   Pre-service professional development of teachers, pre-service teacher education programs and policy, field experience, and issues related to pre-service teacher education reform, curriculum development at college level, instructional strategies for college science, etc.
9. Regional-Specific Science Education
   Specifically address each region’s uniqueness, characteristics, and perspectives of their science education research.
10. Socio-Scientific Issues and Human Values in Science Education
    Socio-cultural, multicultural, bilingual, racial/ethnic, gender equity studies and science education for the special needs, science education for sustainable development, indigenous science, etc.